الافعال في اللغة الانجليزية وتصريفها

conjugation of English verbs

تصريف الأفعال الإنجليزية

All of English verbs have three conjugation in general except for the modal verbs .

جميع أفعال اللغة الإنجليزية لها – فى العموم – ثلاثة تصريفات ، عدا الأفعال الناقصة .
There are two kinds of English verbs to be conjugated :
1- Regular verbs .
2-Irregualr verbs .

هناك نوعان من الأفعال الإنجليزية حين نحاول تصريفها :
أ – الأفعال المنتظمة .
ب- الأفعال الشاذة .
First : Regular Verbs .
أولا : الأفعال المنتظمة

We can form the second and the third conjugation of verb by adding the suffix –ed to the end of the **** form of the verb

يمكننا أن نأتي بالتصريف الثاني و الثالث للفعل من خلال إضافة المقطع ed لنهاية الفعل فى المصدر مثال :
Wash washed washed
Talk talked talked
Remarks :

ملاحظات :
If the verb ends in a consonant and preceded by a vowel and the last syllable of the word is stressed the final consonant is doubled then add – ed

إذا كان الحرف الأخير من الفعل ساكنا يسبقه حرف متحرك و كان المقطع الأخير عليه ضغط في النطق نضاعف الحرف الأخير ثم نضيف ed
Stop stopped stopped

But if the last syllable is not stressed we add ed directly

أما إذا كان المقطع الأخير غير مشدد نضيف ed مباشرة
Travel traveled traveled

If the last letter of the verb is ( y ) and is preceded by a vowel we add ed . But if it is preceded by a consonant the letter y is omitted and we add ied

إذا كان الحرف الأخير y و كان الحرف السابق لها متحركا نضيف ed أما إذا كان ساكنا تقلب y إلى I و نضيف ed
Play played played
Carry carried carried

If the verb ends in –e we add –d not –ed

إذا كان الفعل ينتهى ب e نضيف d للفعل مباشرة
Like liked liked
Love loved loved
Second : Irregular Verbs
ثانيا : الأفعال الشاذة

As for the irregular verbs we should preserve the verb as it is

بالنسبة للأفعال الشاذة تحفظ على شكلها و هي كالتالي :

Irregular
Verbs
awake awoke awoken ينهض
be was were been يكون
Bear bore born تلد
beat beat beat يضرب
become became become يصبح
begin began begun يبدأ
bend bent bent يلوي
beset beset beset يزعج
bet bet bet رهان
bid bid bade bid bidden يدعو
bind bound bound يقيد
bite bit bitten يلدغ
bleed bled bled ينزف
blow blew blown يَهٌب
break broke broken يكسر
breed bred bred يستولد
bring brought brought يجلب
broadcast broadcast broadcast يذيع
build built built يبني
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt يحترق
burst burst burst ينفجر
buy bought bought يشتري
cast cast cast يجمع
catch caught caught يمسك
choose chose chosen يختار
cling clung clung يتمسك
come came come يأتي
cost cost cost ثمن
creep crept crept يزحف
cut cut cut يقطع
deal dealt dealt صفقة
dig dug dug يحفر
dive dived/dove dived يغطس
do did done يفعل
draw drew drawn يرسم
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt يحلم
drive drove driven يقود
drink drank drunk يشرب
eat ate eaten يأكل
fall fell fallen يسقط
feed fed fed يطعم
feel felt felt يشعر
fight fought fought يدافع
find found found يجد
fit fit fit يلاءم
flee fled fled يتلاشى
fling flung flung يقذف
fly flew flown يطير
forbid forbade forbidden يمنع
forget forgot forgotten ينسى
forego (forgo) forewent foregone يسبق
forgive forgave forgiven يسامح
forsake forsook forsaken يترك
freeze froze frozen يجمد
get got gotten يحصل
give gave given يعطي
go went gone يذهب
grind ground ground يطحن
grow grew grown ينمو
hang hung hung يعلق
hear heard heard يسمع
hide hid hidden يخفي
hit hit hit يضرب
hold held held يمسك
hurt hurt hurt يجرح
keep kept kept يحفظ
kneel knelt knelt يركع
knit knit knit يربط
know knew know يعلم
lay laid laid يطرح على
lead led led يؤدي
leap leaped/lept leaped/lept يثب
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt يتعلم
leave left left يترك
lend lent lent يعير
let let let يترك
lie lay lain يكذب
light lighted/lit lighted يضيء
lose lost lost يخسر
make made made يصنع
mean meant meant يقصد
meet met met يقابل
misspell misspelled/misspelt misspelled/misspelt يخطي في التهجئة
mistake mistook mistaken يخطى
mow mowed mowed/mown يسحق
overcome overcame overcome يتغلب
overdo overdid overdone يبالغ
overtake overtook overtaken يدرك
overthrow overthrew overthrown يهزم
pay paid paid يدفع ثمن
plead pled pled يترافع
prove proved proved/proven يبرهن
put put put يضع
quit quit quit يسدد
read read read يقرأ
rid rid rid يخلص
ride rode ridden يركب
ring rang rung يطوق
rise rose risen يشرق
run ran run يجري
saw sawed sawed/sawn ينشرالخشب
say said said يقول
see saw seen يرى
seek sought sought يبحث
sell sold sold يبيع
send sent sent يرسل
set set set يثبت
sew sewed sewed/sewn يخيط
shake shook shaken يهز
shave shaved shaved/shaven يحلِق
shear shore shorn يقص
shed shed shed يصب
shine shone shone يتألق
shoe shoed shoed/shod يكسو
shoot shot shot يطلق
show showed showed/shown يظهر
shrink shrank shrunk ينكمش
shut shut shut يغلق
sing sang sung يغني
sink sank sunk يغرق
sit sat sat يجلس
sleep slept slept ينام
slay slew slain يقتل
slide slid slid ينزلق
sling slung slung يقذف
slit slit slit يضيق
smite smote smitten يضرب بقوة
sow sowed sowed/sown يزرع
speak spoke spoken يتكلم
speed sped sped يسرع
spend spent spent يقضي
spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt يرُيق
spin spun spun يغزل
spit spit/spat spit يبصق
split split split يمزق
spread spread spread يفصل
spring sprang/sprung sprung ينبثق
stand stood stood يقف
steal stole stolen يسرق
stick stick stick يخدع
sting stung stung يلدغ
stink stank stunk يخفق
stride strode stridden يمشى مسرع
strike struck struck يهاجم
string strung strung يشنق
strive strove striven يكافح
swear swore sworn يحلف
sweep swept swept يكنس
swell swelled swelled/swollen ينتفخ
swim swam swum يسبح
swing swung swung يدرجح
take took taken يأخذ
teach taught taught يعلم
tear tore torn يدمع
tell told told يقول
think thought thought يفكر
thrive thrived /throve thrived ينمو
throw threw thrown يرمي
thrust thrust thrust يطعن
tread trod trodden يسحق
understand understood understood يفهم
uphold upheld upheld يدعم
upset upset upset يبطل
wake woke woken يستيقظ
wear wore worn يرتدي
weave weaved/wove weaved/woven ينسج
wed wed wed يتزوج
weep wept wept يندب
wind wound wound يدور
win won won يفوز
withhold withheld withheld يكبح
withstand withstood withstood يقاوم
wring wrung wrung يعصر
write wrote written يكتب

لوا حفظت هذه الكلمات ما بينخاف عليك في الغة الانجليزية
نرجوا الاستفادة
ولكم مني أطيب تحية

possess a number of properties that make them somewhat unusual among other Germanic languages. All English verbs can be derived from a maximum of three principal parts. This represents an extensive paring down of the inflectional categories of the more conservative Germanic languages. Because of this, the strict distinction between transitive verbs and intransitive verbs observed in some other languages find no part in English grammar. In English, both of these sentences are equally possible:

The water is boiling. (effectively, a middle voice; compare the water is being boiled.)
The chef is boiling the water.

English formerly possessed inflections that allowed transitive and intransitive verbs to be distinguished. A few of these distinctions were incorporated into the lexicon: e.g. fall vs. fell (cause to fall); lie vs. lay (cause to lie). Modern English verbs freely switch their valence and can take from zero to two predicates if they are supportable by the meaning:

She gives.
She gives books.
She gives him books.

Because English verbs have free valence, and there is no necessary relationship between a verb subject and the agent, English allows the formation of sentences that some other languages would resist. The verb subject may stand in several different case relationships to the topic:

Instrumental: That book will make us a million dollars.

cf. We will make a million dollars with that book.

Origin: The dam is leaking water.

cf. Water is leaking from the dam.

Location: The forest rustles with dead leaves.

cf. Dead leaves rustle in the forest.

Topical: This construction project cannot proceed.

cf. "We cannot proceed with this construction project."

English does not allow pronoun dropping, and all verbs must have an explicit subject, even where there is no specific agent. Dummy pronouns are inserted even where no agent is identifiable:

It is raining.

Even sentences that declare the existence of something require a deictic particle to be well formed in English:

There is a river.
This is a lake.

The deixis relates to the tense of the verb. "There" is the default, unmarked particle; "here" is also possible, but does imply proximity to the speaker:

There is a river
Here is a river

The past is remote by definition. There was a river is normal; but *here was a river is unusual: it either represents poetic diction, or suggests that the river that once was here is no longer

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